J.K. Rowling

Joanne Rowling (born 31 July 1965), better known by her pen name J. K. Rowling , is a British author, philanthropist, producer, and screenwriter. She is best known for writing Harry Potter , a seven-volume series about a young wizard. Published from 1997 to 2007, the fantasy novels are the best-selling book series in history, with over 600 million copies sold. They have been translated into 84 languages and have spawned a global media franchise including films and video games. She writes Cormoran Strike , an ongoing crime fiction series, under the alias Robert Galbraith .

Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, Rowling was working as a researcher and bilingual secretary for Amnesty International in 1990 when she conceived the idea for the Harry Potter series. The seven-year period that followed saw the death of her mother, the birth of her first child, divorce from her first husband, and relative poverty until the first novel in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, was published in 1997. Six sequels followed, concluding with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007). By 2008, Forbes had named her the world's highest-paid author.

The novels follow a boy called Harry Potter as he attends Hogwarts (a school for wizards), and battles Lord Voldemort . Death and the divide between good and evil are the central themes of the series. Its influences include Bildungsroman (the coming-of-age genre), school stories, fairy tales, and Christian allegory. The series revived fantasy as a genre in the children's market, spawned a host of imitators, and inspired an active fandom. Critical reception has been more mixed. Many reviewers see Rowling's writing as conventional; some regard her portrayal of gender and social division as regressive. There were also religious debates over the Harry Potter series.

Rowling has won many accolades for her work. She was named to the Order of the British Empire and was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour for services to literature and philanthropy. Harry Potter brought her wealth and recognition, which she has used to advance philanthropic endeavours and political causes. She established the Volant Charitable Trust in 2000, and co-founded the charity Lumos in 2005. Rowling's philanthropy centres on medical causes and supporting at-risk women and children. In 2025, Forbes estimated that Rowling's charitable giving exceeded US$200 million. She has also donated to the British Labour Party , and opposed Scottish independence and Brexit .

From 2019, Rowling began making public remarks about transgender people, opposing attempts to replace the legal definition of birth sex with gender self identity. She has been condemned as transphobic by LGBTQ rights groups and various other critics, including academics. This has affected her public image and relationship with readers and colleagues, altering the way they engage with her works.

Joanne Rowling was born on 31 July 1965 at Yate General Hospital in Yate, Gloucestershire , England , to Peter James Rowling, an aircraft engineer employed at the Rolls-Royce factory in Bristol , and Anne Rowling (née Volant), a science technician in a local school's chemistry department. Her parents, who had met on a train traveling from King's Cross station to Arbroath in 1963, married the following year. Anne Volant was of half-French and half-Scottish descent, with her father serving as a doctor in the Royal Navy . Rowling has one sibling, a younger sister named Dianne, born in 1967, with whom she maintains a close relationship.

The family initially resided in Winterbourne, a suburb near Bristol, where young Joanne engaged in imaginative play with neighborhood children, including creating stories and games. They later relocated to a rural cottage in Tutshill, Gloucestershire, on the English-Welsh border, reflecting a modest middle-class upbringing centered on reading and creativity.